| Town of Hanover, Indiana | |
|---|---|
| — Town — | |
| The Hanover Presbyterian Church, as viewed from Fireman's Park. | |
| Location in the state of Indiana | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Jefferson |
| Township | Hanover |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2.1 sq mi (5.4 km2) |
| • Land | 2.1 sq mi (5.4 km2) |
| • Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 784 ft (239 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 3,546 |
| • Density | 1,349.6/sq mi (521.1/km2) |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 47243 |
| Area code(s) | 812 |
| FIPS code | 18-31216[1] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0435696[2] |
Hanover is a town in Hanover Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,546 at the 2010 census. Hanover is the home of Hanover College, a small Presbyterian liberal arts college. Hanover is also the home of Southwestern High School. The "Point," located on the campus of Hanover College, is the only place along the Ohio River that three bends can be viewed in the river.
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During the late eighteenth century, the area today known as the state of Indiana was a part of the Northwest Territory, which originally consisted of the later states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. At that time, there were few European settlements on the northern bank of the Ohio River. Kentucky, on the southern banks of the Ohio, originally included as a part of Virginia, and in 1792 granted statehood, was more densely settled by Europeans. It is likely that prior to the early nineteenth century European settlement of the Hanover area, its predominant inhabitants were Shawnee.[3]
Captain George Logan (1780-May 12, 1875) grew up in a farming household in the area of Lexington, Kentucky. In the late winter of 1801, young Logan loaded a barge with produce and embarked on a journey westward on the Ohio River, ultimately to sell the produce in New Orleans. At the time, he later noted, there were no European settlements in the area between present-day Carrollton, Kentucky and Louisville. According to Logan, both banks of the river were covered in thick forest. He also reported seeing Native American hunters and fishermen, a large number of buffalo and deer, and heard the cries of coyotes.[4]
Faced with heavy winds and harsh weather towards the end of February, Logan was forced to stop his procession. He stopped his barge roughly a half mile west of the present-day area of Hanover Beach. After waiting for several days, he reportedly grew bored and decided to head ashore. Present-day Hanover is located on a hill overlooking the river valley below. Armed with a rifle, Logan decided to explore and he climbed this hill to the spot today known as Logan's Point. This was the first recorded instance of a European exploring the area of Hanover. Logan was so enamored with the view from atop Logan's Point that he resolved he would some day move there. He carved his initials on a beech tree along with the date, March 1, 1801. It would be another fourteen years before he would return to settle permanently.[4]
Judge Williamson Dunn (December 25, 1781-November 11, 1854), from Mercer County, Kentucky, was 27 when, on November 28, 1808, he purchased the land area of modern Hanover from the federal government.[5] The following year, in 1809, Dunn resettled his entire family to the area, and they became the first residents of a town called "Dunn's Settlement," which would later come to be known as Hanover. A steady flow of settlers then followed, most of whom were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. These early settlers had largely emigrated from Ireland to Virginia, then to Kentucky, and finally to the area of Hanover.[6] Among these early settlers in Dunn's Settlement was Christopher Harrison (1780–1868), who would later serve as Indiana's first lieutenant governor and would play a key role in the planning of the state capital in Indianapolis. Harrison built a homestead at Logan's Point, the very spot where George Logan had hoped to build a home years before. When in 1815 Logan returned to attempt to find the spot that he had marked in 1801, the two men met. Logan bought the land and settled there permanently, while Harrison moved to Salem, Indiana. The next year he would be elected as lieutenant governor.[7]
Although most of the fledgling town's population was Presbyterian, initially the nearest church was located in Charlestown, Indiana, 25 miles to the west. In 1819, a Presbyterian minister by the name of Thomas C. Searle (January 15, 1787-October 15, 1821) moved to nearby Madison. While he served religious needs of Presbyterians in a wide area of land in southern Indiana, he quickly realized that a large portion of those he proselytized to was the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians from Dunn's Settlement.[8] As a matter of fact, according to historian Frank Baker, "by 1820, there were 21,000 Baptists, 20,000 Methodists, but only 2,700 Presbyterians in Kentucky."[9] While this statistic refers to Kentucky and not Indiana, it is nonetheless indicative of a similar situation across the river in Indiana. Therefore, while Dunn's Settlement was small, the concentration of Presbyterians living there was significant when considering the overall small number of Presbyterians in the area. On March 4, 1820, Searle founded the Hanover Presbyterian Church. His wife, a native of Hanover, New Hampshire, was greatly admired by the church's congregants; therefore, the church adopted the name it did. Before long, the town also adopted the name "Hanover," although officially it could only be named "South Hanover" because a post office was already in existence in Shelby County for a town of "Hanover." When the other town of Hanover ceased to support a post office, then South Hanover's name was shortened to Hanover.[8]
Following the founding of the church, plans quickly were initiated for the construction of a church edifice. Williamson Dunn donated land and funding for the cause. However, in October 1821, Searle died, and the ministerial post at the Hanover Presbyterian Church remained unfilled until 1823.[10]
John Finley Crowe (June 16, 1787-January 17, 1860) was born in Greene County, Tennessee and grew up in Tennessee and Missouri. He grew up in a Presbyterian household, although he was not terribly religious. However, after meeting some Presbyterian elders who had moved from North Carolina to his area in Missouri, Crowe became interested in pursuing a religious education. He attended Transylvania College in Lexington, Kentucky, and then continued his education at Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey. After completing his Masters of Divinity in 1815, Crowe accepted his first ministerial assignment in Shelbyville, Kentucky. While there, Crowe became actively involved in the abolitionist movement. He established a Sunday School for African-American children, although he could not find a location in the area that would permit such a school to meet. On May 7, 1822, he began publication of the Abolition Intelligence and Missionary Magazine. Crowe's abolitionist sympathies alienated him from his slave-holding neighbors, and it was not long before he lost access to the printing press.[11]
On April 2, 1823, John M. Dickey, moderator of a church session that also seated Williamson Dunn and George Logan as elders, sent a letter to Crowe inviting him to serve at the Hanover Presbyterian Church. Sickened by the increasingly hostile attitude of his neighbors in Kentucky towards his abolitionist views, Crowe accepted the position, relieved to move to a state where the possession of slaves was illegal.[12] Shortly after his arrival in Hanover, Crowe began construction of a residence, known today as the Crowe-Garritt House. Located just north of the present-day Hanover Presbyterian Church, the Crowe-Garritt House was added to the National Register of Historical Places in 1980.[13]
Not long after his arrival at the Hanover Presbyterian Church, Crowe began petitioning church members to sponsor the founding of a seminary. While congregants were reluctant at first to take on the task, ultimately he prevailed, and a religious school opened in Hanover on January 1, 1827. Initially, classes met in the Presbyterian Church's old stone church building, which was located in the present-day area of the Hanover Firehouse. Within a year, however, the school had outgrown this location, and Williamson Dunn then donated land for the construction of a new college edifice. In 1829, the state of Indiana granted a charter for a Hanover Academy, while the Presbyterian Synod of Indiana recognized the theological segment of the school as the Indiana Seminary. While the Hanover Academy grew exponentially over the ensuing years, the seminary stagnated; the two entities split in 1836, and in 1841 the seminary moved to New Albany, Indiana. Ultimately, faced with money problems and a split amongst students on the issue of slavery, in 1859 the seminary once again moved, this time reopening as McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago, Illinois. Meanwhile, the Hanover Academy in 1833 received a charter from the state of Indiana to form a college by the name of Hanover College.[14]
Although the Hanover was largely founded by Presbyterians, it was not long before people of other religious persuasions began moving into the area. In the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains as a whole, Baptists and Methodists largely outnumbered Presbyterians during the early nineteenth century. Therefore, it became inevitable that competing churches would spring up in Hanover. The Hanover United Methodist Church was founded in 1846; the Hanover Baptist Church soon followed. The First Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) was founded in 1974.
The Hanover African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in 1885, and is the oldest continuously functioning predominantly African American congregation in Jefferson County. Many of the church's early trustees, including Owen Anderson, Simon Gray, Elijah Anderson, Chapman Harris, John Forcen, Mason Thompson, and Freeman Anderson, had in their earlier lives been prominent conductors of the underground railroad. The church building itself was constructed from the timbers of the former Graysville Methodist Church, which served the small now-defunct African American community of Graysville, located in nearby Madison Township. Under the trusteeship of Owen Anderson and John Forcen, the congregation changed its name to St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal Church towards the end of the nineteenth century. In 2000, the church was added to the National Register of Historical Places.[15]
Hanover is located at (38.714748, -85.471917)[16].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 2,834 people, 1,068 households, and 760 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,349.2 people per square mile (521.1/km²). There were 1,144 housing units at an average density of 544.6 per square mile (210.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.58% White, 2.05% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.
There were 1,068 households out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town the population was spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,944, and the median income for a family was $42,574. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $23,384 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,520. About 5.7% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
Fictional bartender at Cheers, Woody Boyd, was born and raised in Hanover. The show made numerous jokes at Hanover's expense, poking fun at its small size and rural setting. The actor who portrayed Boyd was Woody Harrelson, who attended Hanover College and was active in the drama department as well as work-study in the college library.
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